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By the big picture, we mean the Pacific Ocean. August 1959: Hurricane Dot entered the Central Pacific as a Category 4 hurricane just south of Hawaii, but weakened to a Category 1 storm before making landfall on Kauai. July 1957: Hurricane Kanoa, after taking a long journey across the eastern Pacific, became a non-tropical circulation a few miles east of Hawaii. * September 1972: Hurricane Fernanda may have caused flash flooding near Waipio as it passed to the northeast. The island of Kauai was especially hard hit by damaging winds. August 1959: Hurricane Dot was another powerful August arrival. Both mountains rise to elevations in excess of 13,000 feet above sea level, and as Flossie approached the island, its track shifted abruptly overnight and assumed a more northerly alignment, heading instead to the island of Maui on July 29. Dot: August 1959. The last time Hawaii was hit with a tropical storm. August 1950: Hurricane Hiki passed north of the islands, bringing gale winds. Vintage home. In the vast Pacific Ocean, Hawaii's total land area is only about 6,400 square miles, the fourth smallest U.S. state by land area, larger than only Connecticut, Delaware and Rhode Island. cause major wind damage. As the moist air in the storm is pushed up Hawaiis volcanic peaks, it will cool and the water vapor in it will condense, adding to the rain the storm already produces. This number has ranged from zero, most recently as 1979, to as many as eleven in 1992 and 1994. Since 1970, definitive satellite coverage for {.FJ!FFK2IHxyDsSw0IA1?T6],#LP_C%`L }^d"!sQq2OI\t)dO6O6!EgKzPBI{?B$_O |3x!L. Wind shear (the change in wind speed and/or direction with height) is typically stronger near the Hawaiian islands, acting to displace thunderstorms from the cyclone's center. The hurricane-strength winds are in a fairly compact area, but they could still pack a serious punch, as the islands infrastructure hasnt had to handle such ferocious sustained winds. On Aug. 5, Dot seemed to turn more northwest, aiming it directly at Kauai. the rain the storm had so rapidly wrought. The only two major hurricanes to have affected the islands since 1949, Hurricane Iniki of 1992 and Hurricane Dot of 1959, both came from the south. by Dr Jeff Masters, Weather Underground, October 16, 2014 (excerpt). Hurricane Lane was certainly a close call, the closest we've seen since 1992. The map also shows how Hawai'i lies near the 27 C ocean surface temperature threshold in the warm month August and the wind shear resulting from surface tradewinds (green arrows) blowing in the opposite direction of the upper air winds (purple arrows). Since records have been kept starting in 1950, there has not been a hurricane to hit the big island of Hawaii, though tropical storms are common. Of course, an El Nio does not guarantee a hurricane will impact Hawaii. Hawaii Free Press - All Rights Reserved. Since the 1950s, two hurricane eyes have hit Hawaii - and both approached from the south, where water temperature generally is warm enough to sustain the storms' strength. * August 1938: A possible tropical cyclone produced heavy wind and rain across the state. What that high does is it tends to deflect storms away from the islands, Cantin said. Of course, this doesn't mean every single storm will do that in the future. away from O'ahu and passing directly over Kaua'i near the height of its intensity. It's been more than two decades since the last hurricane hit the 50th state. Most dangerous hurricanes come from the south. one of the most severe ENSO years on record. Two drownings on Oahu were attributed to rough surf caused by the hurricane. during the passage of the hurricane and another 12,000 damaged. From 1950 through 2021, around 30 hurricanes have passed within 200 nautical miles of the Big Island, Maui, Honolulu or Kauai, according to NOAA's historical hurricane database. Douglas' wind gusts downed some trees and produced bands of locally flooding rain in parts of the islands. [50][51][52], Before Hurricane Iniki in 1992, a standard homeowner's insurance policy with extended coverage provided hurricane coverage. Like 'Iwa, Iniki formed south of Hawai'i during a strong * August 1993: Hurricane Fernanda brought heavy surf of up to 15 feet on the east facing beaches from the Big Island to Kauai. Moderate surf of up to 6 feet affected the east and southeast shorelines on the Big Island. from year to year, from 0 to a maximum of 16 in 2015. Seeing whales on a whale watch tour is awesome. of rain which raised the streams to an unprecedented height and swept away * September 1843: The earliest report of a tropical cyclone that could have affected Hawaii was made in 1843. [47]Tropical Storm Flossie (not to be confused with Hurricane Flossie in 2007) provides still another example. Hawaii's hurricane season is from June to November of every year, but just how much of a threat to Hawaii are hurricanes? * September 1992: Hurricane Orlene struck Hawaii as a tropical depression causing heavy rainfall, washing out roads, shortly after Iniki ravaged Kauai. * November 1874: A possible tropical cyclone may have dropped more than 20 inches of rain on Honolulu and southerly gales destroyed 23 homes and damaged at least 50. The costliest hurricane in Hawaii's history,Hurricane Iniki, originated in the eastern Pacific as Tropical Depression Eighteen-E on Sept. 5, 1992. 675 Wharf Street, Lahaina, Maui, Hawaii, HI 96761 Due to a. Knowledge awaits. * July 1986: Waves caused by Hurricane Estelle caused $2 million in damage when they destroyed five houses and damaged several others. $3 billion. During the winter and spring, Hawaii's waters average 77 degrees. Hurricanes approaching from the south represent the biggest danger to the islands, due to the warmer waters and more unstable air present to the south. about 9 AM when it suddenly lulled into a calm fearfully in contrast with * August 1925: High seas and gusty winds were recorded. * September 1992: Hurricane Iniki caused more damage than any other hurricane to affect Hawaii since records began. On July 28, 2013, the storm appeared headed for a direct hit to the Big Island, home to Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa. Despite being greatly weakened, the hurricane brought gusts of over 100 miles per hour (160 km/h). Sea-surface temperatures are typically warmer the further south you get in the northern Pacific, which means a tropical cyclone moving toward Hawaii from the south would have a better chance of surviving to the islands. There are several reasons why this happens so often. On Aug. 6, Dot began weakening, and at its landfall in Kauai, Dot was only a Category 1 hurricane. Hurricane Iniki. Daniel Nelson. About two-thirds of those systems drift westfrom the eastern Pacific basin. The costliest hurricane in Hawaii's history,Hurricane Iniki, originated in the eastern Pacific as Tropical Depression Eighteen-E on Sept. 5, 1992. * August 1972: Hurricane Diana dissipated a few miles off shore of the Big Island, dropping more than 10 inches of rain in some parts. Tracks of all tropical cyclones (tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes) to pass within 100 miles of the Hawaiian Islands, 1949 - 2014. Table 5.54-- MAJOR HURRICANES: 1950 TO 2020 Maximum recorded winds ashore (m.p.h.) South, and increasing in fury, reached its climax Hawaii has been, and will be in the future, hit by hurricanes. north to the Island's latitude and curved northeast, Although it was only a Category 1 storm, it passed just miles west of Kauai, moving at a speed of nearly 50 miles per hour (80 km/h). Image credit: NOAA/CSC. The only other storm to do so was in1958. Tropical Storm Iselle in 2014became only the second tropical storm, and the strongest, to landfall on the Big Island dating to 1950. so extensive, it caused an insurance crisis in Hawai'i, prompting the State It should be noted that the * August 1950: Hurricane Hiki passed north of the islands, bringing gale winds. It's quite rare to have two storms right behind each other . to issue special hurricane insurance for homeowners. entered the Central Pacific as a Category 4 hurricane just south of Hawaii, but weakened to a Category 1 storm before making landfall on Kauai. with hurricane intensity, the modern era Shoreline roads on all islands were damaged and some homes flooded. Persons who know a warrant is, The monthly test of the all-hazard Statewide Outdoor Warning Siren System, coordinated with the test of the Live Audio Broadcast. One fisherman was reported missing. List of Hawaii Hurricanes - List of Tropical Cyclones - 1950s. Tracks of hurricanes that have come within 200 nautical miles of Hawaii from 1990-2021. There haven't been enough hurricanes and tropical storms since about 1950 when good recordkeeping started for a statistically significant trend, Lin said. Data collected by the Western Regional Climate Center show no hurricane-strength winds on any Hawaii Islands with the exception of Kauai. OK, the water isn't that cool, but in order to form, hurricanes need water temperatures to be least 80 degrees. So her team added computer. COPYRIGHT 2021 HAWAII OCEAN PROJECT. 1900s. , %*|? for residential construction, for example. , which made landfall along the southeast shore of Hawaii's Big Island on August 8, 2014 with 60 mph winds. Project 2:Assume that you want to look up some background information on Hawaii hurricanes before 1950. 'Iwa carried a broad reach, producing conditions Part of the reason this doesn't happen that often is just geography. Severe property damage was inflicted on the island; up to $250 million (a record for that time). Hawaiian Hurricane season runs June 1 to Nov. 30 each year. Follow Andrea Thompson on TwitterCredit: Nick Higgins. The waters around Hawaii at present arent cool enough to cause dramatic weakening of Iselle before it hits the Big Island. August 1925: In August high seas and gusty winds were recorded in Hawaii from a nearby tropical cyclone. No records of unusual weather were recorded, so the storm was likely still forming as it crossed Hawaii. 1940s. By comparison, the Hawaiian Islands are just under 11,000 square miles and the actual landmass is just 6,400 square miles. Hurricane name Date 1/ Islands most affected: Sustained. Minor power outages and rain made traffic conditions hazardous. Quotes from captains and civilians describe a severe windstorm that ravaged the islands for several hours. The key, at least climatologically speaking, is the direction of the storm's approach. [49] Despite this data, FEMA classified all of Hawaii as being in a "Wind-Borne Debris Region". The storm remained powerful enough, however, to bring torrential rains, damaging surf and strong winds that destroyed crops, including over 1/2 of the state's papaya crop, and knocked down thousands of trees, particularly invasive albizia trees in the Puna District. The mountainous terrain of the islands amplifies the rain threat and contributes to the threat of ensuingflash floodsand mudslides. This list contains every tropical cyclone that had a somewhat notable effect on the State of Hawaii. By the way, did you know that you can now save $10/person on our Maui Princess Dinner Cruise or a Snorkel Adventure to the Island of Lanai? further damage to fields of pineapple and other crops. 'Iwa formed south of Hawai'i during Like most of its predecessors, Iselle weakened as it approached the Islands eventually making landfall along the Kau coast on the Big Island just below hurricane strength. A gust of 53 miles per hour was recorded at South Point. * December 19021903: A low pressure system (known later as The Froc Cyclone) took a path similar to that of a tropical cyclone, passing through Kaulakahi Channel in late December 1902. * 1992 Iniki 6 Hurricane expertMichael Lowrysays that dating to 1950, there is a 13 percent increase in the chance of a named storm to track within 100 miles of the Hawaii islands during an El Nio year (35 percent chance) than a neutral year (22 percent chance). It was also considered the first official hurricane in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands.The fourth tropical cyclone of the 1950 Pacific hurricane season, Hiki formed as a tropical depression to the southeast of Hawaii on August 12. This story does not necessarily represent the position of our parent company, IBM. major agricultural damage, particularly to macadamia orchards. On September 23, a German ship recorded a cyclone (known later as the "Cyclone of the Lark") near 17N and 141W. 1990s Rain was heavier elsewhere, with up to 8 inches falling near the North Shore. There are several reasons why this happens so often. It hit the island of Kauai as a Category 4 on September 11, killing six and causing $2 billion in damage. How consistent is the temperature in Lahaina? * August 2007: Hurricane Flossie passed within 100 miles of the Big Island, bringing rain and tropical storm-force winds. [46] Another example may be Hurricane Felicia which dropped from Category 4 down to a tropical depression with residual winds predicted at only 35 miles per hour (56km/h). * July 1989: Hurricane Dalilia dropped heavy rains over Hawaii, setting a new July record for Honolulu International Airport, 2.33 inches in 24 hours. August is the peak month for tropical cyclones in the central Pacific basin, chalking up twice as many (74) as September (37) from 1971-2013, according to the Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Only two tropical storms have hit the islands since 1949--an unnamed 1958 storm which hit the Big Island, and. The last time a hurricane was bearing down on the Hawaiian Islands, Steven Spielberg was on Kauai finishing filming of the now iconic movie Jurassic Park when Hurricane Iniki hit the island as a Category 4 storm. passing just to the west of Kaua'i. The warmer water also allows for more tropical system formationcloser to Hawaii and across the eastern Pacific. August 1938: Again in August a possible tropical cyclone produced heavy wind and rain in the state. When tropical cyclones approach Hawaii, they tend to come from the southeast. over O'ahu severe enough to knock out power in Honolulu for several hours Several large waterspouts were sighted off Hapuna Beach in South Kohala. The Pacific Ocean is over 62 million square miles and covers over 30% of the earth. Over 1400 homes were destroyed Earlier windstorms that struck Hawaii were not labeled as hurricanes. On average, the coldest month is January, with high temperatures of 82 and average lows of 64 with 3 days of rain. * 1988 Uleki 2 Rainfall totals are expected to reach 5 to 8 inches across the islands, with some isolated pockets possibly seeing as much as 12 inches. The storms winds will mainly be a threat to the Big Island and Maui, Cantin said, while the rains going to be a problem everywhere.. Hurricanes approaching from the east typically fall apart before they reach Hawaii due to the cool waters and dry air that lie to the east of the islands. Most tropical cyclones that reach the 50th state arrive from the east or south, but on occasion, they arrive from the southwest. Although it was only a category 1 storm, it passed just miles west of Kauai, moving at a speed of nearly 50 miles per hour. * July 1994: Tropical Storm Daniel dumped 5 inches of rain over the windward slopes of Big Island. * July 1992: Hurricane Georgette brought locally squally winds over the state as a depression. * July 1993: Hurricane Eugene dropped valuable rain on the state as it dissipated. however, the tornado dissipated before causing any damage. 1930s. * October 1906: A tropical cyclone passed about 60 miles south of South Point. Hurricane landfalls are rare in Hawaii, but brushes by tropical systems are common. The world's coral reefs are dying. By summer, those same waters can reach 82 degrees. In fact, in nearly 150 years, only three hurricanes have reached landfall in Hawaii. On average, between four and five tropical cyclones are observed in the Central Pacific every year. Any south or southwest wind aloft would steer a hurricane toward the island chain. In Hawaii, where many people rely on the ocean for their livelihoods (yes, we're raising our hands), this is a sc Hawaii Ocean Project It remains the second costliest East/Central Pacific hurricane on record, only behind Hurricane Paul in 1982. Hurricanes need ocean waters of at least 80F to develop and maintain the convection engine at their core, so colder waters can shut them down. Most of the storm damage was done by these falling trees, including knocking down power lines and blocking roads. Even before Hawaii became a state in 1959, it was a top tourist destination - and for good reason. It ended up dropping 52 inches of rain, the second highest rainfall total from a tropical cyclone since 1950, behind only Hurricane Harvey's 60 inches on Texas in 2017. Intense rains over Oahu and Kauai caused flash floods on Kaukonahua Stream and the overflow of Lake Wilson at Wahiawa Dam. El Nio years are typically more active in the central Pacific. Damage was Nina's closest approach to land, which was relatively far off the coast, was only about 120 miles (190 km) southwest of Kauai. El Nio allows warmer water to push farther north into the more typical east to west trek of tropical systems from the eastern Pacific. Since 1950 five hurricanes or tropical storms have caused serious damage in Hawaii. A year with an El Nio event, however, can implicate this model. Hurricane Nina (1957) produced record winds in Honolulu. Two people on Oahu drowned in rough surf. Nina moved north and took a sharp turn to the west without actually striking the state. The last one. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. 68 mph winds were recorded in Kauai. Most dangerous hurricanes come from the south. The only other storm to do so was in1958. Tracks of hurricanes that have come within 200 nautical miles of the Big Island, Maui, Honolulu, and Kauai from 1950 through 2017. Tropical cyclone records were not kept before the 1950s. Of course, an El Nio does not guarantee a hurricane will impact Hawaii. More than three dozen hurricanes, or tropical cyclones, have impacted the Hawaiian islands since 1950, causing at least 12 deaths. Cooler sea-surface temperatures in the Pacific waters to the east of the Big Island of Hawaii keep the air somewhat cooler above it, increasing the stability of the atmosphere, making it less susceptible to forming and maintaining thunderstorms. there have been numerous reports of high winds and stormy conditions in Hawaiian * October 1983: Hurricane Raymond took a path similar to Gils, but as a depression, causing no damage. Technically speaking, hurricanes tend to be pushed away from Hawaii because of a high-pressure zone that normally resides to the northeast of the Islands. This article is reproduced with permission fromClimate Central. Iniki caused almost $2 billion in damage, mainly to Kauai. damage estimated at $250 million. "[42] This has also drawn media attention. If it stays a hurricane, it will be the first to hit the Big Island head-on since records began in 1950, and could even be the first since a possible cyclone hit in 1872, saidNational Weather Servicemeteorologist Michael Cantin. Chapter 11 Hurricanes 4 1971-2005 Tropical Cyclones in the Central Pacific5 Hurricanes Tropical Storms Tropical Depressions Total Total Number 48 57 48 153 Average Per Year 1.4 1.6 1.4 4.4 Percent of All Systems 31% 36% 33% Hurricane tracks around the Hawaiian Islands since 1949.6 Hurricanes are not the only type of storm to cause damage in coastal areas, but they are the