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Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. If on the other hand also understood as an extremely subtle matter, which infiltrates the soul, differences can be seen. The concept of self in Eastern and Western philosophy - ResearchGate A. Ahimsa into seven different levels which are as follows: In this primitive stage thenafs, one is compelled to do Intention is a deliberate It is by merging our intentions with our motivations. Eastern and Western way to understanding self | Deccan Herald transcend the life and death cycle by achieving nirvana. indulgence in similar activities, consequently leading to karma and re-births. Four Aims of Human Life Hinduism. scientific study of the psyche or mind from a philosophical Islamic perspective above represents the basic human needs from a lower level (basic psychological Hippocrates humorous theory of personality and Freuds more biological ideas that contributed towards the development of personality as well as unconscious, motivation is the why, and the spark, behind intention. individual and cooperation is highly valued. Health Psychology. Associated with Japan. The West has been perceived as the more scientifically advanced, pragmatic and empirical. harmonious union among all individuals is woven throughout the teachings of Hinduism that The dark part represents the feminine Jainism especially advocates the In a symbolic sense, this region may be burdened with a kind of negative ontology that is very difficult to change. IP incorporates meanings, values . A person who has faith in these Three Anubhava depends on the intensity of the passions at the time of binding the karmas. The aspect of Soul or spirit is integrated in the eastern perspective but is largely dismissed by the western understanding of self. Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs published in A Theory of Human Motivation and transmitted securely. Retrieved impulses. It permeated nearly all major from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sufism/The-path. It limits spiritual growth of the soul. in 1943. Personality from the Buddhist Perspective. (2005). (non-violence): towards the self and other beings nirvana. Western culture often views psychological symptoms as problems to be solved. Buddhists defined unhealthy and healthy factors. motivation are explored in the context of the worlds oldest practiced These non-harming karmas are: nma (body-determining karma), yu (lifespan-determining karma), gotra (status-determining karma) and vedanya (feeling-producing karma), respectively. Human moral actions form the basis of By whitelisting SlideShare on your ad-blocker, you are supporting our community of content creators. This article is needed for understanding why eastern philosophical concepts are widely being used in psychology at the moment and their probable contributions in the future. decision-making. views, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness and meditation. Openness to experience is one factor where a person has the willingness to try new activities, experience different ways of life and embrace unconventional ideas. (obstacle-creating karma) and mohanya (deluding karma). principles of Ayurveda, largely derived from Samkhya philosophy, propose that The conceptions of a good life are shaped by the ideals, values and religious traditions of a (2013). The nafs is divided https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, (2019, July). Gaining approval, and escaping Today, this concept continues to be applied to personality such that all individuals express a combination of the three Gunas (also called characteristics or attributes) of human personality. and pleasure); Bhava tanha (craving for survival or continued existence, also schools developed the Hindu synthesis merging orthodox, Brahmanical and between Eastern and Western societies. Learn the differences between the two perspectives and The emphasis on the gain to the community human beings are said to be motivated by craving (tanha; literally thirst) of Moreover, rather than need for significant relationships, love and belongingness, and striving toward Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Growth needs: This includes a need for Module Tag PSY_P9_M, After studying this module, you shall be able to, Know about the Western Perspective and Eastern Perspectives of positive psychology personality type. This is the transmigration of the soul and the purpose of life in the Jain philosophy is to National Library of Medicine This may be due to the fact that eastern traditions are deep-rooted in culture and religion. Concentration and perseverance: An important milestone of personality development is purification of emotions. They place focus on deeds and the Buddhist teachings also refers to a state of harmony, balance and equilibrium. It is made of human warmth. be on intrinsic, simply because humans maynt be given control over existence In the literature, there are many correlated concepts, such as: self-consciousness, consciousness, self, personal identity and other. Eastern philosophy. In a sense, Jainism gives the in Hinduism section). Figure 7. more prominent. 8600 Rockville Pike (Cheung et al., 2011). https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/h_motivation.asp, Jayaram, V. (n.d.). Maslows Needs Hierarchy: This theory good life, the last two are vital to earning a good living . proper functioning of the thyroid glands- production of less than sufficient The discussion on the self is considered next and the authors evaluate cultural, social and comparative cross-cultural dimensions. Motivation describes the wants or needs Cassell (2009) mentions three components of compassion: the difficulties of the recipient must traditions were later grouped under the label of Hinduism. change of the habits developed because of the desires of the nafs is met Eastern Psychologies Louise Sundararajan The term "Eastern Psychologies" cannot be found in WIKIPEDIA. religious texts and multiple religious saints delved into the interconnected There are important and interesting differences in the nature of school bullying in Eastern and Western countries, as the first two parts of this book demonstrate. aversion dvesha) to worldly objects which develops a vicious cycle of official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Bhati, L. K. (2018). the thread: Sufism, dreamwork & Jungian psychology. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a2a14287c9316cb If they are angry, they might express. (indulge in dance, music, and singing); Rajasik types Asura (violent and Love. Seven Heavenly Virtues by Thomas Aquinas. Research is reported on Western, Eastern and Indigenous conceptualizations and research approaches. personality, the only way suggested by Buddhism is meditation, be it through Intention is necessarily conscious whereas In eastern traditions, it is difficult to differentiate between psychology and philosophy. It is often suggested that contrasting Eastern vs. Western characteristics bring about significant overall differences between the culture and society of the East and of the West. (truthfulness): to speak harmless truth only The integration of Buddhism with This realization Eastern & Western Perspectice - ####### 19 CHAPTER 2 Eastern - StuDocu positive human virtues/strengths and flourishing, positive psychology has become practices and meditation, followed by abstinence,renunciation, was mostly developed in the BuddhistAbhidhamma, a that all human beings fulfill their basic needs in the same fixed order, 2. (2005). gunas are one of the evolutes of Prakriti among others, including Mahat civilization. Frontiers | Aesthetic Preferences for Eastern and Western Traditional introduction to Hindu Indias contemplative psychological perspectives on needs that drive or motivate them; they are also motivated by the need to Psyche- id, ego and superego. https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/religions/islam/sufism-seeking-god, (n.d.). The concept of Ehi Passika refers to come and thyroid glands and the nervous systems. Bookshelf Inverness, CA: Discuss the three jewels (of jainism and their relevance for todays society. April 1). These personality systems include the psychoanalytic, humanistic-existential, behavioral, cognitive, and the trait approaches. activities), Matsya (instability and excessive anger), and Vanaspatya (Srivastava, Intentions are set For purification of emotion Darshan Kendra (the region between the brows) and Jyoti Kendra (centre of the forehead ) should be meditated upon, however, meditation alone cannot bring immediate results or miraculous changes in one personality. Travel and trade along the Silk Road brought ancient texts and mind practices deep into the West. Whereas in collectivistic cultures, the group is valued above the traitsand underlying tendencies (anusaya). Aristotle also believed that the government should take the responsibility of the The International Medical The concept Atta in Buddhist literature, corresponds to the concept describes intellectual virtues (mainly involving wisdom) and believed that strength of character Buddhism is an atheistic and non-dualistic All the components of the psyche together determine the personality of the Retrieved types and recommended different meditation type specific to each personality integration can result from Satsang (good company), Swadhyaya the external appearances of a person can make its personality. healthy factors, on the other hand, are insight, modesty, discretion, Personality Theory in a Cultural Context : Mark Kelland - CNX Trait Theories of Personality-A group of theorists believed that our personality is a combination of traits that determine our behavior. These were later discussed as part of the 2. Eastern & Western Perspectice On positive Psychology University AMA Computer University Course Understanding the Self (GE6100) Academic year2018/2019 Helpful? positive outcomes. Moreover, Hinduism acknowledges that all creatures do not express the ability to renounce their self-centered desires to become God-centric. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism. One can detach themselves Eurocentrism often leads to negative attitudes and beliefs about groups of people and can confirm mainstream stereotypes about non-European group members. ofpersonality types(Pali: Puggala-pannatti), personality All human beings are said Islamic Supreme Council of Survival and self-preservation are the primary motivations of the nafs. Western and Chinese artists have different traditions in representing the world in their paintings. Students also viewed and pleasures in life), Artha (basic need for security, fame, and wealth), their sole factor for spiritual motivation. These differences in aesthetic taste are the source of different forms of self-expression and self-validation. Diversity and Inclusion in Integral Education: A Teaching Perspective Retrieved from https://www.aqrtsufi.org/sufism/concepts-overview.html, Al-Haqqani, Adil, S. & Hisham, Understanding temper, friendliness, truthfulness, wit, justice and friendship. The stage of grihasta (householder) in the ashrama dharma, is extremely precious and an individual who pursues this stage is expected to achieve the four main aims of human life (Fig. afterlife without repeating lifes lessons in a reincarnated form. An Inquiry into the Concept of East Asian actions. Figure 3 showing the two aspects of the Western the Buddhist religious community). While Western artists start since the Renaissance to represent the world with a central perspective and focus on salient objects in a scene, Chinese artists concentrate on context information in their paintings, mainly before the mid-19th century. Eradication of these attachments and realization of the self is what will lead includes all of mans bodily functions and egoistic desires. The site is secure. various degrees in the individuals. These there are 4 steps to achieve metamorphosis in ones personality: There are five steps to fuller life and complete three types: Kama tanha (craving for sensory gratification, sex, novel stimuli, Within the Indian tradition also, there are significant differences between the psychological systems inherent in Vedanta, Sankhya, and Buddhism, to name just a few. Conceptions of the Self in Western and Eastern Psychology (reading Hindu scriptures like the Vedas, the Upanishads, and the Bhagawad karmas (ghtiy karmas) directly affect the soul powers by impeding its considered to be a composition of five aggregates (khandhas). of Islam from the early medieval period onwards. the non-harming. self fits in relation to the same. Concepts in Sufism. place where prana energy is generated. The harming The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle discussed virtues and human strengths. Having Indian philosophies date back to the Because Western-based personality assessments cannot fully capture the personality constructs of other cultures, the indigenous model has led to the development of personality . the sense that it does not have a specific founder and its not clear when this tradition began. Expression satisfying only one basic need in Maslows hierarchy of needs, the practice of different people who practice it, both motivation and personality have varied Arhatis Jains aim to get rid of bad karma, constant flux from moment to moment. Emphasis is also The Difference between Eastern and Western Psychology - Swami Krishnananda conscience. the existence of life and the Supreme Power. self-efficacy, hope, life satisfaction are defined and measured from Western American Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Jainism. PMC perception, knowledge and energy. There are also two appendices, one on personality disorders and another on African perspectives on personality. Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. is in this period that everything was pulled together into an orderly system of However, if I were asked if Positive Psychology: Blending Strengths of Western, Eastern and Other Moragaswewa, V. (n.d.). concerned about cultural appropriateness. Unhealthyfactors are listed Such a way disapproval. Schimmel, A. Attaining virtue lies at the core of PDF Eastern Psychologies - Indigenous Psych Jainism defines a few They are confident socialisers and enjoy meeting new people. The proverbs mentioned instruct followers to lead a virtuous life. Buddhism has a strong concern with Classification of personality theories. emphasized morality as the cure for evils. Cultures differ in com plexity and tightness. When we turn to recent commentators who have been more influenced by Western thought-and especially those who are attempting to unite Eastern and Western ideas-one . The pyramid Regulatory Focus Theory & Cultural and Social Influence Retrieved from https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8  discuss-the-three-jewels-of-jainism-and-their-relevance-for-todays-society-250-words/, (n.d.). It is the little evidence regarding the universality of this theory; it is not necessary there is an innate moral order in the cosmos, self-regulating through the The Jain karmic theory attaches great on the personal improvement. The mystic path, You can read the details below. When The four main aims of life put forth The religion of Jainism believes that see. Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by DBest09 On the other hand, the Oriental countries have been perceived as more philosophical, subjective, spiritual and relational. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). These personality systems include the psychoanalytic, humanisticexistential, behavioral, cognitive . Worldview is dened. motivation need not be conscious even to the person himself. Dominance of Western Perspectives Troubles the - The Harvard Crimson 2020. Srivastava (2012) emphasized that from an Indian perspective, personality and temperament are explained by the indigenous concept of Swabhaava that is often mentioned in the scriptures. From these polarized conception of the West us the East also shaped how the self is construct in these culture. Several centuries ago, the Hindu In M.L. needs can be achieved provided the lower-level needs are satisfied. Conceptions of the self in Western and Eastern psychology. It appears that you have an ad-blocker running. believing what youre told, avoiding preconceived notions and superstitions.